Pharmacy Education on Internet
Modern information technologies and worldwide communication through the Internet play a significant role in medicinal plant research across the globe. The phenomenal growth in Internet usages is largely due to the success of World Wide Web. Various useful websites and databases about pharmacy education are already in the ‘Net’ and many more are being added constantly.
Pharmacy Education On Internet
Mishra B. S.1*, Dwivedi S. 2, Shashi A. 3, Dwivedi N. 4 and Jain S. 5
1,Vinayaka mission college of Pharmacy, Salem (T.N.)
2, Chordia Institute of Pharmacy, Indore (M.P.)
3, I.E.S. College of pharmacy,Bhopal (M.P.)
4, Famy care Limited Navi, Mumbai (MH)
5, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore (M.P.)
ABSTRACT
Modern information technologies and worldwide communication through the Internet play a significant role in medicinal plant research across the globe. The phenomenal growth in Internet usages is largely due to the success of World Wide Web. Various useful websites and databases about pharmacy education are already in the ‘Net’ and many more are being added constantly. The future of pharmacy education is handling the existing information in proper way. In this review of the Internet, compilation of important web sites is expected to stimulate, instruct and update academician involved in pharmacy education.
Keywords- Internet, Pharmacy education.
The Internet is a global computer network allowing communication with millions of computer users and access to resources from around the world.1 what type of computer is used for connection to the Internet doesn’t matter, a virtually limitless wealth of resources is available for every day use. The Internet is also a world wide computer network which allow communication with millions of other Internet users and use of web resources throughout the world.2
Simple as it may seem acquiring information on the world wide web is like seeking a selective fish in the ocean.3 Beginners in internet search often restrict their search only to search engines like Google, yahoo, MSN and infoseek, which results in a narrow outcome of required information. Compilation was done with a view to address these difficulties of beginners.4-8 this article contain web resources simplified even for an amateur.
Natural have been a major source of drugs for centuries. With major advances in Biotechnological and phytochemical techniques, academic and industrial interest in discovering and developing bioactive natural products has been a growing trend. However the present scientific information in intimidating quantities in various forms of database, virtual libraries, journal sites, many often trend to confuse the prospective researcher.9
List of databases- Medicinal plants and alternative medicine resources
USDA/NRCS-Plants national database-plant’s standardized information |
http://plants.usda.gov/plants/ |
Monographs |
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American Herbal Pharmacopoeia |
http://herbal-ahp.org/ |
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia |
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European scientific cooperative on phytomedicine(ESCOP)publications |
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German Commission E Monograph |
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United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) Developing botanical monographs |
http://www.usp.org/dietary/availability.htm |
World Health organization-WHO Monographs on selected medicinal plants |
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World Health Organization’s Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicine |
http://www.who.int/medicines/library/trm/who-trm98-1/who-trm-98-1.doc |
USDA/ARS-Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases |
chemicals and their biological activities in a particular plants http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/plants.html chemicals/concentration in a particular plant http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/sd.html chemicals with a specific activity in a particular plant http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/plant_lact.html Ethnobotanical uses for one or more plants http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/ethnobot.html plants containing a particular chemical http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/highchem.html
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BIOSIS-provides vital sources of information for life scientists |
http://www.bios.org/ |
CISCOM Database |
http://www.recm.org.uk/cisc.htm |
Chinese Medicines:Traditional Chinese medicine database system |
http://www.cintcm.com/index.htm |
HerbMed- A Herbal Database |
http://www.herbmed.org/ |
Indian System Of Medicine –A gateway for information on Indian system of medicine and homeopathyby department of ISMH ministry of health and family welfare ,govt.of India |
http://www.indianmedicine.nic.in/ |
The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts(MAPA)6-A bimonthly abstracting journal by cc (NISCAIR), provides coverage of the global literature on all aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants. |
Contact address- The Director, National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources, Dr.K S Krishnan Marg,New Delhi 110012,India This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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Manual, Alternative and Natural Therapy(MANTIS) |
http://www.healthindex.com/MANTISabout.html
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Dialog Corporation |
http://www.library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/b10091.html |
Health Index |
http://www.healthindex.com/ |
OVID databases |
http://www.ovid.com/ |
MEDLINE databases- is the best interface known as Pubmed from the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,USA |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nlh.gov/entrez/
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Medicinal and Poisonous Plant Databases |
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/ibc99/poison/
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MICROMEDEX Complementary and alternative Medicine(CAM) Series- A series of databases covering four areas , viz. herbal medicine and dietary supplements, clinical protocols, patient education, and herbal and dietary supplement toxicology |
http://www.micromedex.com/products/healthcare/cam/
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NAPRALERT, Natural Product Alert- from STN International: provides bibliographic and factual data on natural products,including information on the pharmacology, biological activity, taxonomic distribution, ethnomedicine and chemistry of plants. |
http://info.cas.org/ONLINE/DBSS/napralertss.html http://stneasy.cas.org/html/english/login1.html
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Patent Database-US patent and trademark office: A tool to locate registered patents in complementary and alternative medicine |
http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html
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PhytoNET-`Resource for those involved in the development, manufacturing, regulation and surveillance of phytomedicines and herbal drugs. |
http://www.escop.com/phytonet.htm
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Poisonous Plant Database- |
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~djw/readme.html |
List of industries involved in formulation of herbal products is listed in Table 2. Taxonomical details of medicinal plants and its botanical images can be obtained from the websites given in Table 3.A list of differents organizations (Indian Govt) providing funds, projects and instrumental facility are given in Table 4. Forthcoming events, symposium, and global conferences can be obtained from the websites of different societies and organizations given in Table 5.List of some URL address of journals is given in Table 6.
Table-2 List of Indian Industries involved in manufacturing of herbal formulations
Himalaya Drug Co |
http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/index.htm |
Dabur India Ltd. |
http://www.dabur.com/ |
Hamdard(WAKF) |
http://www.hamdard.com/ |
Fem Care Pharma |
http://www.indiafemcare.com/ |
Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan |
http://www.baidyanath.com/ |
Atra Pharmaceuticals |
http://www.atrapharma.com/ |
Cipex |
http://www.cipex.com/ |
Gufic Healthcare |
http://www.gufic.com/ |
Ranbaxy Ltd |
http://www.ranbaxy.com/ |
Sami Labs |
http://www.samilabs.com/ |
Sears Phytochem |
http://www.searsphytochem.com/ |
Kerala Ayurveda Pharmacy |
http://www.kapl-ayur.com/html/k0000hom.htm |
Table 3- List of websites for botanical images10-11
Vascular Plant Image Gallery |
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLOR/gallery/gallery_query.htm |
Poisonous Plants |
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Australian National Botanical Garden |
http://155.187.10.12/images/photo_ed/ |
Botanical Image Database |
http://www.helsinki.fi/kmus/botpics.html |
CalPhotos:California Plants & Habitats |
http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/flora/ |
Color Illustrations Of Plants |
http://chili.rt66.com/hrbmoore/images/walcott.html |
Color Illustrations from the National Geographic Society |
http://chili.r66.com/hrbmoore/NGSImages/NGS.html |
European wild plant photo |
http://www.gagg.mcmail.com/flora.htm |
Flora of Europe |
http://utopiaknoware.nl/users/aart/index.html |
Index of plant pictures by Genus and Species |
http://chili.rt66.com/hrbmoore/HOMEPAGE/GenusIndex.html |
Kohler’s Medicinal plants |
http://www.mobot.org/MOROT/research/library/kohler/taxa.html |
Medicinal Herbs by Common Name (UW) |
http://www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov/pnr/uwmhg/comnames.html |
Medicinal plant Photographs by genus |
http://chili.rt66.com/hrbmoore/images/JPEGS.html |
PharmaCD- Family Index |
http://pharma-apv.unizh.ch/CD-ROM/Familien/Familien.html |
Stein’sVirtual Herbarium |
http://filebox.vt.edu/forestry/wildlife/stein/plants.html |
Table-4 List of Government organization involved in medicinal plant research (INDIA)10
CSIR-Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(funding Agency) |
http://www.cmmacs.ernet.in/nal/icst/csirh.html |
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) |
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CCMB-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,Hyderabad |
http://www.ccmbindia.org/ |
Central Council of Research and Ayurvedic System |
http://ccras.org/bibliography/klist.htm |
CDRI- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow |
http://www.cdriindia.org/ |
CFTRI-Central Food Technological Research Institute,Mysore |
http://www.cftri.com |
CIMAP-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow |
http://www.cimap.res.in/ |
IICB-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta |
http://www.iicb.res.in/ |
IICT- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad |
http://www.cmmacs.ernet.in/iict/ |
IISc-Indian Institute of Science |
http://iisc.ernet.in |
Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research |
http://igidr.ac.in |
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research |
http://jncasr.ac.in |
National Academy of Agricultural Science |
http://www.naas.edu |
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow |
http://www.nbri-lko.org/R&D.htm |
National Institute of Ayurveda Research |
http://niam.com/corp-web/index.htm |
NIPER-National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |
http://www.niper.nic.in/ |
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research |
http://tifr.res.in |
Libraries and document retrieval centers |
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NISCAIR |
http://www.niscair.res.in/ |
Union Catalogue of Biomedical Serials |
http://uncat.nic.in/ |
MEDLARS CENTRE |
http://indmed.nic.in/ |
Sophisticated Instruments facilities in India |
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Regional Sophisticated instruments facilities in India |
http://dst.gov.in/scprog/infra/rsic.htm |
RSIC,IIT,Powai, Mumbai |
http://www.rsic.iitb.ernet.in |
RSIC,IIT, Chennai |
http://www.rsic.iitm.ernet.in |
RSIC,CDRI, Lucknow |
http://www.cdriindia.org/ |
SICART, Gujarat |
http://www.sicart.ac.in/ |
Spic Science Foundation |
http://www.spicscience.org/ |
SIF,IISc, Bangalore |
http://sif.iisc.ernet.in |
Table –5 List of organizations and societies related to Pharmacy Education10-11
Phytochemical Society of Europe |
http://www.DMU.AC.UK/In/pse/ |
Europian Scientific Co-operative on Phytotherapy |
http://www.exeter.ac.uk/phytonet/escop.html |
Europian society of ethnopharmacology |
http://ethnopharma.multimania.com/ |
The American society of Pharmacognosy |
http://www.phcog.org/ |
European weed research society |
http://www.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/ewrs/ |
Herb Research Foundation |
http://www.herbs.org/ |
Pharmazeutische Biologie in Deutschland (Pharmaceutical Biology in Germany) |
http://www.rz.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/MathNat/PharmBio/liphabio.htm |
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Drug Research Centre(TBAM) of Anadolu, University in Eskisehir, Turkey |
http://www.tbam.anadolu.edu.tr/index.html |
International Council for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants |
http://www.icmap.org/ |
Boyce Thompson Institute of Plant Research |
http://bti.cornell.edu/ |
American Society of plant Biologists |
http://www.aspb.org/ |
The Society for Economic Botany |
http://www.econbot.org/ |
International Society for Ethnopharmacology |
http://www.dfh.dk/staff/private/ulny/ISE/ |
International Organizationfor Plant Information |
http://iopi.csu.edu.au/iopi/ |
Phytochemical Society of North America |
http://www.fiu.edu/orgs/psna/ |
Society for Ethnomedicine |
http://www.med.uni-muenchen.de/medpsy/ethno/ |
Table-6 List of URL Address of some Journals related to pharmacy
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology |
http://jpp.pharmpress.com/content/html/ |
Journal of Natural Remedies |
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Journal of Natural Products |
http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jnprdf/index.html |
Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy |
http://www.haworthpressinc.com/store/Default.asp |
Journal of Ethnopharmacology |
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm |
Journal of Asian Natural Products Research |
http://www.gbhap.com/journals/419/419-top.htm |
Journal of Agricultural And Food Chemistry |
http://www.pubs.acs.org/journals/jafcau/ |
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology |
http://www.niscair.res.in |
Indian Journal of Pharmacology |
http://www.ijp-online.com |
Indian Drugs |
http://www.idma.org |
Current Science |
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/index.html |
Chemistry of Natural Compound |
http://www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0009-3130 |
Fitoterapia |
http://www.indena.it/fitotrp.htm |
European Journal of Herbal Medicine |
http://guest.btinternet.com/~nimh/frameacc.html |
History of Traditional Indian Medicine |
http://www.mic.ki.se/India.html |
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Abstracts |
http://www.niscom.res.in/ |
Natural Products Report |
http://www.rsc.org/is/journals/current/npr/nprpub.htm |
Natural Product Letters |
http://www.gbhap-us.com/journals/724/724-top.htm |
Planta Medica |
http://www.thieme.com/chemistry/aec.htm |
Plant Science (Elsevier) |
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/5/0/6/0/3/0/ |
Pharmaceutical Biology |
http://www.swets.nl/sps/journals/pb.html |
Phytochemistry |
http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/2/7/3/index.htm |
Phytochemical Analysis (Wiley) |
http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0958-0344/info.html |
Phytomedicine |
http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/phytomed/phytmed.htm |
Phytotherapy Research |
http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0951-418X/ |
Review of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants |
http://www.cabi.org/publishing/products/journals/Abstract/RAMP/index.asp |
Toxicon |
http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/2/5/9/ |
Xenobiotica |
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/tf/00498254.html |
List of Discussion group |
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PhytoNET mail-base |
http://www.exeter.ac.uk/phytonet/ |
Phytopharmacognosy |
http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/phytopharmacognosy/join.html |
Phytopharmacognosy internet Discussion group |
http://www.phytochemistry.freeserve.co.uk/ |
The Garden Web Forum |
http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/ |
Today the Internet has presented the researcher with more effective tools for systemic literature search; this article will ease in handling of existing information. In developing countries like India, Much of the access to future online environments will be cheaper and broad bandwidth through optic fibre cable networks. Internet is a rich source of information that can be used for advancement in medicinal plant research. The wide spread availability of information will enable researcher to break barrier that currently limits drug discovery. Computer literacy and Internet usage should become an integral component of pharmacy education, as it plays an important role in Drug discovery process.
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