Principle 4 Process approach:

A desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and related resources are managed as a process.Key benefits:

• Lower costs and shorter cycle times through effective use of resources.
• Improved, consistent and predictable results.
• Focused and prioritized improvement opportunities.
• Applying the principle of process approach typically leads to:
• Systematically defining the activities necessary to obtain a desired result.
• Establishing clear responsibility and accountability for managing key activities.
• Analysing and measuring of the capability of key activities.
• Identifying the interfaces of key activities within and between the functions of the organization.
• Focusing on the factors such as resources, methods, and materials that will improve key activities of the organization.
• Evaluating risks, consequences and impacts of activities on customers, suppliers and other interested parties.

Principle 5 System approach to management:

Identifying, understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization's effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives.

Key benefits:

• Integration and alignment of the processes that will best achieve the

           desired results.

• Ability to focus effort on the key processes.
• Providing confidence to interested parties as to the consistency, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization.

·        Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to:

• Structuring a system to achieve the organization's objectives in the most effective and efficient way.
• Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system.
• Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes.
• Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers.
• Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action.
• Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate.
• Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.

  Principle 6 Continual improvement:

Continual improvement of the organization's overall performance should be a permanent objective of the organization.Key benefits:

• Performance advantage through improved organizational capabilities.
• Alignment of improvement activities at all levels to an organization's strategic intent.
• Flexibility to react quickly to opportunities.

Applying the principle of continual improvement typically leads to:

• Employing a consistent organization-wide approach to continual improvement of the organization's performance.
• Providing people with training in the methods and tools of continual improvement.
• Making continual improvement of products, processes and systems an objective for every individual in the organization.

• Establishing goals to guide, and measures to track, continual improvement.
• Recognizing and acknowledging improvements.