Innovations and Opportunities in Therapeutic Vaccines: Technology platforms, key players, and early pipeline candidates

This report explains what therapeutic vaccines are, how they work, and why drug developers around the world are using this approach to address everything from allergies to literally every kind of cancer. More than 70 new proprietary technologies are named and explained, with details of licensing deals and intellectual property positions.

New technical capabilities and better understanding of the human immune system has recently allowed vaccination approaches to be applied to therapeutic settings as well as prophylaxis. Demand for therapeutic vaccines is high, and profits from launched drugs are expected to achieve 'blockbuster' levels (billions of US dollars per annum).

Treatment of established diseases requires different immune reactions to protective (prophylactic) immunity, to overcome existing disease burdens and immuno-avoidance mechanisms, so immune responses must be 'modulated' rather than just stimulated.

Vaccine approaches can also be used to inhibit immune responses to specific 'antigens', making them useful for treating allergies, autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Various vectors and adjuvants, each with their own benefits and drawbacks, are being used to enhance the delivery of vaccine antigens to target immune cells.

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