EMERGING TRENDS OF ORAL CONTROLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS-AN OVERVIEW

Oral controlled release drug delivery is a drug delivery system that provides the continuous oral delivery of drugs at predictable and reproducible kinetics for a predetermined period throughout the course of GI transit and also the system that target the delivery of a drug to a specific region within the GI tract for either a local or systemic action. All the pharmaceutical products formulated for systemic delivery via the oral route of administration, irrespective of the mode of delivery (immediate, sustained or controlled release) and the design of dosage form (either solid, dispersion or liquid), must be developed within the intrinsic characteristics of GI physiology. Therefore the scientific framework required for the successful development of an oral drug delivery systems consists of basic understanding of (i) physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug; (ii) the anatomic and physiologic characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract and (iii) physicochemical characteristics and the drug delivery mode of the dosage form to be designed.

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Challenges of Oral Control Drug Delivery Systems

The main areas of potential challenge in the development of oral controlled drug delivery systems are:

• Development of a drug delivery system: To develop a viable oral controlled release drug delivery system capable of delivering a drug at a therapeutically effective rate to a desirable site for a duration required for optimal treatment.
• Modulation of gastrointestinal transit time: To modulate the GI transit time so that the drug delivery system developed can be transported to a target site or to the vicinity of an absorption site and reside there for a prolonged period of time to maximize the delivery of a drug dose. 
• Minimization of hepatic first pass elimination: If the drug to be delivered is subjected to extensive hepatic first-pass elimination, preventive measures should be devised to either bypass or minimize the extent of hepatic metabolic effect

Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Conventional oral controlled dosage forms suffer from mainly two adversities. The short gastric retention time (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying time (GET). A relatively brief GI transit time of most drug products impedes the formulation of single daily dosage forms. These problems can be overwhelmed by altering the gastric emptying. Therefore it is desirable, to formulate a controlled release dosage form that gives an extended GI residence time.

The whole 25 pages article is available for download at Downloads section of Faramavita.Net

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