 URINE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MEDICAL USES: A COMPRHENSIVE REVIEW
Urine is an aqueous solution of waste electrolytes and metabolites excreted by mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians. Although urine is excreted as a paste (uric acid) by most birds, it is commonly excreted as a fluid varying in color from clear, when dilute, to dark amber, when concentrated.
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 ANTIMICROBIAL HERBAL DRUGS
Infectious diseases account for approximately one-half of all deaths in tropical countries. In industrialized nations, despite the progress made in the understanding of microbiology and their control, incidents of epidemics due to drug resistant microorganisms and the emergence of hitherto unknown disease-causing microbes, pose enormous public health concerns.
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COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY: CURRENT APPROACHCombinatorial chemistry is one of the important new methodologies developed by researchers in the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the time and costs associated with producing effective and competitive new drugs. Through the rapidly evolving technology of combi-chemistry, it is now possible to produce chemical libraries to screen for novel bioactivities.
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IN VITRO BUOYANCY AND VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDIES OF FAMOTIDINE FLOATING TABLETS
Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is widely prescribed in active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis. The recommended adult oral dosage of famotidine is 20 mg twice daily or 40 mg once daily. The effective treatment of erosive esophagitis requires administration of 20 mg of Famotidine 4 times a day. a conventional dose of 20 mg can inhibit gastric acid secretion up to 5 hours but not up to 10 hours. An alternative dose of 40 mg leads to plasma fluctuations; thus a sustained release dosage form of famotidine is desirable. The short biological half-life of drug (~2.5-4 hours) also favors development of a sustained release formulation. The present work enumerate to study in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies of famotidine floating system.
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SONOPHORESIS: AN ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Sonophoresis is defined as the application of ultrasound to the skin resulting in enhanced transdermal transport of molecules. The transdermal delivery of biologics-as well as of conventional drugs-is growing in popularity because the technique offers numerous advantages. Needle-free drug delivery generally increases patient compliance. The present paper highlights the recent advancements in the field of sonophoresis, its mechanism and applications.
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF FAMOTIDINE
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems are the systems which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and thereby improve the bioavailability of drugs. Different approaches for gastroretentive dosage forms include floating, raft, expanding or swelling, bioadhesive or mucoadhesive and high/low-density systems. Famotidine, an anti-ulcer drug, suffers from poor bioavailability (50%), as Famotidine is very less soluble in alkaline pH. Famotidine used in combination with antacids promotes local delivery of these drugs to the receptor of the parietal cell wall. Local delivery also increases bioavailability at the stomach wall receptor site and increases the efficacy of drugs to reduce acid secretion. Thus, the present work is aimed to formulate floating tablets of famotidine using an effervescent approach for gastroretentive drug delivery system.
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Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Potential of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. and Cissampelos pareira Linn.
Vitex leucoxylon Linn. (Verbenaceae) commonly known as Songarbhi (Marathi) an excellent herbal crude drug in the nature which has composition of the entire essential constituent that are required for normal and good health of human. Cissampelos pariera Linn. (Menispermacae) commonly known as patha (Hindi) used in the traditional system of medicine in the treatment of various disease like dysentery, diarrhea and skin disorder. Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. and leaves of the Cissampelos pariera Linn. was studied in albino wistar rats using the carrageenan induced rat paw edema model.
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 MARKET RESEARCH OF DRUGS USED AS LAXATIVES
Laxatives (or purgatives) are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool, most often taken to treat constipation. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas in that circumstance. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives will cause diarrhea.
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STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM LINN. (CHANSUR): AN ETHNOMEDICINAL HERB OF MADHYA PRADESH
Herbal medicines are in great demand in both developed and the developing countries in primary healthcare because of their great efficacy and little or no side effects. In India, the indigenous system of medicine namely Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani have been in existence for several centuries. These traditional systems of medicine together with homoeopathy and folklore medicine continue to play a significant role largely in the health care system of the population.
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