URINE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MEDICAL USES: A COMPRHENSIVE REVIEW

Urine is an aqueous solution of waste electrolytes and metabolites excreted by mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and amphibians. Although urine is excreted as a paste (uric acid) by most birds, it is commonly excreted as a fluid varying in color from clear, when dilute, to dark amber, when concentrated.

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ANTIMICROBIAL HERBAL DRUGS

Infectious diseases account for approximately one-half of all deaths in tropical countries. In industrialized nations, despite the progress made in the understanding of microbiology and their control, incidents of epidemics due to drug resistant microorganisms and the emergence of hitherto unknown disease-causing microbes, pose enormous public health concerns.

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COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY: CURRENT APPROACH

IN VITRO BUOYANCY AND VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDIES OF FAMOTIDINE FLOATING TABLETS

Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is widely prescribed in active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis. The recommended adult oral dosage of famotidine is 20 mg twice daily or 40 mg once daily. The effective treatment of erosive esophagitis requires administration of 20 mg of Famotidine 4 times a day. a conventional dose of 20 mg can inhibit gastric acid secretion up to 5 hours but not up to 10 hours. An alternative dose of 40 mg leads to plasma fluctuations; thus a sustained release dosage form of famotidine is desirable. The short biological half-life of drug (~2.5-4 hours) also favors development of a sustained release formulation. The present work enumerate to study in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies of famotidine floating system.

  SONOPHORESIS: AN ADVANCEMENT IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

  Sonophoresis is defined as the application of ultrasound to the skin resulting in enhanced transdermal transport of molecules. The transdermal delivery of biologics-as well as of conventional drugs-is growing in popularity because the technique offers numerous advantages. Needle-free drug delivery generally increases patient compliance. The present paper highlights the recent advancements in the field of sonophoresis, its mechanism and applications. 

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF FAMOTIDINE

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Potential of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. and Cissampelos pareira Linn.

Vitex leucoxylon Linn. (Verbenaceae) commonly known as Songarbhi (Marathi) an excellent herbal crude drug in the nature which has composition of the entire essential constituent that are required for normal and good health of human. Cissampelos pariera Linn. (Menispermacae) commonly known as patha (Hindi) used in the traditional system of medicine in the treatment of various disease like dysentery, diarrhea and skin disorder. Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Vitex leucoxylon Linn. and leaves of the Cissampelos pariera Linn. was studied in albino wistar rats using the carrageenan induced rat paw edema model.

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MARKET RESEARCH OF DRUGS USED AS LAXATIVES

Laxatives (or purgatives) are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool, most often taken to treat constipation. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas in that circumstance. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives will cause diarrhea. 

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