 RECENT ASPECTS OF SWINE INFLUENZA-AN OVERVIEW
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. It is a contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses.
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 RECENT ASPECTS OF PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM-AN OVERVIEW
Pulmonary delivery of drugs has become an attractive target in the health care industry as the lung is capable of absorbing pharmaceuticals either for local deposition or for systemic delivery. Half of all pharmaceuticals are not soluble in water, but are soluble in lipid. As the lung is able to absorb both water and oil into the tissue, this is not a limitation of pulmonary delivery. However, existing jet nebulizers cannot aerosolize viscous liquids and ultrasound nebulizers destroy drug emulsions, thereby greatly limiting the potential use of pulmonary drug delivery.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE-OVERVIEW
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. Nanotechnology enhanced materials will enable a weight reduction accompanied by an increase in stability and an improved functionality. Biomedical nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanomedicine are used to describe this hybrid field. The prefix "nano" refers to one-billionth. When applied in the metric scale of linear measurements, a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. The term "nanotechnology" is now commonly used to refer to the creation of new objects with nanoscale dimensions between 1.0 and 100.0 nm.
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Resent Aspects of Ion Exchange Resin used as a Taste Masking Agent-An Overview
Ion exchange resins are solid and suitably insoluble high molecular weight polyelectrolyte that can exchange their mobile ions of equal charge with the surrounding medium. The resulting ion exchange is reversible and stiochiometric with the displacement of one ionic species by another. Synthetic ion exchange resin have been used in pharmacy and medicine for taste masking or controlled release of drug as early as 1950 s.
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 EMERGING TRENDS OF ORAL CONTROLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS-AN OVERVIEW
Oral controlled release drug delivery is a drug delivery system that provides the continuous oral delivery of drugs at predictable and reproducible kinetics for a predetermined period throughout the course of GI transit and also the system that target the delivery of a drug to a specific region within the GI tract for either a local or systemic action. All the pharmaceutical products formulated for systemic delivery via the oral route of administration, irrespective of the mode of delivery (immediate, sustained or controlled release) and the design of dosage form (either solid, dispersion or liquid), must be developed within the intrinsic characteristics of GI physiology. Therefore the scientific framework required for the successful development of an oral drug delivery systems consists of basic understanding of (i) physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug; (ii) the anatomic and physiologic characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract and (iii) physicochemical characteristics and the drug delivery mode of the dosage form to be designed.
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TASTE MASKED SUSPENSION-AN OVERVIEW
Taste masking of liquid formulation present a major challenge because the majority of pediatric preparations are syrups and suspensions.The bitter taste of vitamin B1 derivatives such as dicethimine was masked by formulating with menthol and or polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene for formulating oral liquids. Oral liquids containing Diclofenc and its salts were subjected to heat treatment in the presence of glycine, glycerrhizinic acid or salt thereof to mask the bitter taste and to prevent the irritation of the throat upon oral administration.
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SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS-AN OVERVIEW
Conventional drug therapy typically involves the periodic dosing of a therapeutic agent that has been formulated in a manner to ensure its stability, activity and bioavailability. For most of the drugs, conventional methods of formulation are quite effective. However some drugs are unstable and toxic and have a narrow therapeutic range, exhibit extreme solubility problems, require localization to a particular site in the body or require strict compliance or long-term use. In such cases a method of continuous administration of drug is desirable to maintain fixed plasma drug levels.
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MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS-AN OVERVIEW
Extensive efforts have been focused on targeting a drug or drug delivery system in a particular region of the body for extended period of time, not only for local targeting of drug but also for better compliance of systemic drug delivery. The concept of mucosal adhesive or mucoadhesive was introduced into the controlled drug delivery area, in the early 1980. Mucoadhesive are synthetic or natural polymer, which interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, and mucin molecules constituting a major part of mucus. The concept of mucoadhesive as alters many investigator to the possibility that this polymer can be used over come physiological barrier in long-term drug delivery. They render the treatment more effective and safe, not only for topical disorder but also for systemic problems; defined Bioadhesion as the state in which two materials, at least one of which being of biological nature, are held together for an extended period of time by interfacial forces. It is also defined as the ability of a material adheres to a biological tissue for an extended period of time.
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ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST CARE OF ARTHRITIES PATIENTS
Arthritis is a joint disorder featuring inflammation. A joint is an area of the body where two different bones meet. A joint functions to move the body parts connected by its bones. Arthritis literally means inflammation of one or more joints. Arthritis is frequently accompanied by joint pain. Joint pain is referred to as arthralgia. There are many types of arthritis (over 100 and growing). The types range from those related to wear and tear of cartilage (such as osteoarthritis) to those associated with inflammation resulting from an overactive immune system (such as rheumatoid arthritis). Together, the many types of arthritis make up the most common chronic illness in the all over the world.
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