Standing Genetic Variation and the Evolution of Drug Resistance in HIV

Drug resistance remains a major problem for the treatment of HIV. Resistance can occur due to mutations that were present before treatment starts or due to mutations that occur during treatment. The relative importance of these two sources is unknown. Resistance can also be transmitted between patients, but this process is not considered in the current study. We study three different situations in which HIV drug resistance may evolve: starting triple-drug therapy, treatment with a single dose of nevirapine and interruption of treatment.

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The Antibacterial Activity of Benzimidazole Derivative and the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships

QSAR study on benzimidazole derivatives using several topological and indicator descriptors was performed and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The correlation equations of these relationships which were designed according to the Hansch Analysis Method were given. The 5 best models were selected for the discussion. Initial regression analysis indicated that balaban index plays a dominating role in modeling the activity in all proposed models. Results are interpreted on the basis of multiple regression and cross-validation methodology. Furthermore, the domain of applicability which indicates the area of reliable prediction is defined.

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Nutraceutical Antioxidants as Novel Neuroprotective Agents

A variety of antioxidant compounds derived from natural products (nutraceuticals) have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in either in vitro or in vivo models of neuronal cell death or neurodegeneration, respectively. These natural antioxidants fall into several distinct groups based on their chemical structures: (1) flavonoid polyphenols like epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea and quercetin from apples; (2) non-flavonoid polyphenols such as curcumin from tumeric and resveratrol from grapes; (3) phenolic acids or phenolic diterpenes such as rosmarinic acid or carnosic acid, respectively, both from rosemary; and (4) organosulfur compounds including the isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane, from broccoli and the thiosulfonate allicin, from garlic.

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Role of Regulatory Authorities in Marketing Regulation of Drugs in India

Approval of the drug product for import, manufacturing and marketing in India, its demonstration for safety and efficacy in humans is essential. The Rules 122A, 122B and 122D, 122 DA, 122DAA, 122E and Appendix I, IA and VI of Schedule Y of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1945, describes the information/data required for approval of clinical trial and/or to import, manufacture, or market any new drug in the country. However, the requirements for approval of clinical trials and new drugs may vary depending on the nature of new drugs.

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India’s Marketing Regulations of Drugs

Approval of the drug product for import, manufacturing and marketing in India, its demonstration for safety and efficacy in humans is essential. The Rules 122A, 122B and 122D, 122 DA, 122DAA, 122E and Appendix I, IA and VI of Schedule Y of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1945, describes the information/data required for approval of clinical trial and/or to import, manufacture, or market any new drug in the country. However, the requirements for approval of clinical trials and new drugs may vary depending on the nature of new drugs.

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Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment

Arthritis, an inflammation of the joints, is usually a chronic disease that results from dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1b) and pro-inflammatory enzymes that mediate the production of prostaglandins (e.g. cyclooxygenase-2) and leukotrienes
(e.g. lipooxygenase), together with the expression of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, and hyperproliferation of synovial fibroblasts. All of these factors are regulated by the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB. Thus, agents that suppress the expression of tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, matrix metalloproteinases or adhesion molecules, or suppress the activation of NF-kB, all have potential for the treatment of arthritis.

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STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF LEAVES OF ABUTILON MUTICUM DC

Abutilon muticum DC. (Malvaceae) are traditional medicinal herb used for analgesic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic properties. The present paper deals with the physicochemical evaluation of leaf of the plants. In this study various physicochemical studies such as ash value, LOD, FOM, extractive values are reported.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF BICALUTAMIDE SOLID BY DISPERSION TECHNIQUE

Bicalutamide is poorly water soluble Anti- Cancer drug used in prostate cancer. Due to poor solubility of drug, its bioavailability rate is limited by drug dissolution. In the present study, an attempt has been made to increase solubility and dissolution of Bicalutamide by solid dispersion technique using Solvent Evaporation and Hot Melt method with PEG- 6000 (Poly ethylene glycol), PVP K-90 (Poly vinyl pyrrolidone), and Poloxamer F-68.

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