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Standing Genetic Variation and the Evolution of Drug Resistance in HIV
Drug resistance remains a major problem for the treatment of HIV.
Resistance can occur due to mutations that were present before treatment
starts or due to mutations that occur during treatment. The relative
importance of these two sources is unknown. Resistance can also be
transmitted between patients, but this process is not considered in the
current study. We study three different situations in which HIV drug
resistance may evolve: starting triple-drug therapy, treatment with a
single dose of nevirapine and interruption of treatment.
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The Antibacterial
Activity of Benzimidazole Derivative and the Quantitative Structure-Activity
Relationships
QSAR study on benzimidazole derivatives using
several topological and indicator descriptors was performed and evaluated for
their antibacterial activities. The correlation equations of these
relationships which were designed according to the Hansch Analysis Method were
given. The 5 best models were selected for the discussion. Initial regression
analysis indicated that balaban index plays a dominating role in modeling the
activity in all proposed models. Results are interpreted on the basis of
multiple regression and cross-validation methodology. Furthermore, the domain
of applicability which indicates the area of reliable prediction is defined.
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Nutraceutical Antioxidants as Novel Neuroprotective Agents
A variety of antioxidant compounds derived from natural products (nutraceuticals) have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in either in vitro or in vivo models of neuronal cell death or neurodegeneration, respectively. These natural antioxidants fall into several distinct groups based on their chemical structures: (1) flavonoid polyphenols like epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea and quercetin from apples; (2) non-flavonoid polyphenols such as curcumin from tumeric and resveratrol from grapes; (3) phenolic acids or phenolic diterpenes such as rosmarinic acid or carnosic acid, respectively, both from rosemary; and (4) organosulfur compounds including the isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane, from broccoli and the thiosulfonate allicin, from garlic.
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Role of Regulatory Authorities in Marketing Regulation of Drugs in India
Approval of the drug product for import, manufacturing and
marketing in India, its demonstration for safety and efficacy in humans is
essential. The Rules 122A, 122B and 122D, 122 DA, 122DAA, 122E and Appendix I,
IA and VI of Schedule Y of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1945, describes the
information/data required for approval of clinical trial and/or to import,
manufacture, or market any new drug in the country. However, the requirements
for approval of clinical trials and new drugs may vary depending on the nature
of new drugs.
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India’s Marketing Regulations of
Drugs
Approval of the drug product for
import, manufacturing and marketing in India, its demonstration for safety and
efficacy in humans is essential. The Rules 122A, 122B and 122D, 122 DA, 122DAA,
122E and Appendix I, IA and VI of Schedule Y of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1945,
describes the information/data required for approval of clinical trial and/or
to import, manufacture, or market any new drug in the country. However, the
requirements for approval of clinical trials and new drugs may vary depending
on the nature of new drugs.
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Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment
Arthritis, an inflammation of the joints, is usually a chronic disease that results from dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1b) and pro-inflammatory enzymes that mediate the production of prostaglandins (e.g. cyclooxygenase-2) and leukotrienes
(e.g. lipooxygenase), together with the expression of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, and hyperproliferation of synovial fibroblasts. All of these factors are regulated by the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB. Thus, agents that suppress the expression of tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1b, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, matrix metalloproteinases or adhesion molecules, or suppress the activation of NF-kB, all have potential for the treatment of arthritis.
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STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL
EVALUATION OF LEAVES OF ABUTILON MUTICUM DC
Abutilon
muticum
DC. (Malvaceae) are traditional medicinal herb used for analgesic,
anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic properties. The present paper deals with the physicochemical evaluation
of leaf of the plants. In this study various physicochemical studies such as
ash value, LOD, FOM, extractive values are reported.
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF
SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF BICALUTAMIDE SOLID BY DISPERSION
TECHNIQUE
Bicalutamide is
poorly water soluble Anti- Cancer drug used in prostate cancer. Due to poor
solubility of drug, its bioavailability rate is limited by drug dissolution. In
the present study, an attempt has been made to increase solubility and
dissolution of Bicalutamide by solid dispersion technique using Solvent
Evaporation and Hot Melt method with PEG- 6000 (Poly ethylene glycol), PVP K-90
(Poly vinyl pyrrolidone), and Poloxamer F-68.
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