A REVIEW ON MICROBIOLOGIAL ASSAY

Microbiological assays are designed to perform the qualitative and quantitative estimations of specific viable microorganisms present in the samples. The test should be performed in all the samples to ensure that the it is free from any micro-organism and it also ensure that it will not going to harm the human body as concern to the micro-organism.

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QUALITY CONTROL OF CRUDE DRUGS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR QUALITY AND PURITY

A crude drug is any naturally occurring, unrefined substance derived from organic or inorganic sources such as plant, animal, bacteria, organs or whole organisms intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals. Quality control of herbal medicines is a tedious and difficult job. Herbal medicines differ from that of the conventional drugs and so some innovative methods are coming into being for the sake of quality assessment of herbal drugs. The present paper deals with the quality control parameters of the crude drugs which will focus its quality and purity.

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MICROBIAL LIMIT TEST IN FOOD ANALYSIS

The microbial limit tests are designed to perform the qualitative and quantitative estimations of specific viable microorganisms. Various food products are analyzed for the presence of microbes in sample. The present paper deals with the aspects of analysis of food products by MLT.

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QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (QSAR): AN OVERVIEW

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) (sometimes QSPR: quantitative structure-property relationship) is the process by which chemical structure is quantitatively correlated with a well defined process, such as biological activity or chemical reactivity. The present review deals with the aspect of QSAR and their benefits and application in medicinal and synthetic chemistry.

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MICROBIAL LIMIT TEST IN WATER ANALYSIS

The microbial limit tests are designed to perform the qualitative and quantitative estimations of specific viable microorganisms. Various water from five different sources is analyzed for the presence of microbes in sample. The present paper deals with the aspects of analysis of water sample by MLT.

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ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF ALZHEIMER PATIENTS

In the context of rendering better services to the patients, the physicians have recognized a role of pharmacist in clinical aspects. The clinical pharmacist becomes a consultant for patients who are put on theraphy.He councils the patients about the disease process and simultaneously role of the drugs. He informs the patients of drug interactions and adverse reactions. He ensure a rational therapy and a safe theraphy.He advices doctors about the dosage forms and dosage regimen.The relationship between health care provider or pharmacist and patient is the most powerful predictor the of treatment adherence in the patients.

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RECENT ASPECT OF DRUG USED IN TREATMENT OF MALARIA

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite. Patients with malaria typically are very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Four kinds of malaria parasites can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. Infection with any of the malaria species can make a person feel very ill; infection with P. falciparum, if not promptly treated, may be fatal. Although malaria can be a fatal disease, illness and death from malaria are largely preventable.

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Pandemic flu: gaps in preparedness remain

The current outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) is testing pandemic preparedness strategies across the globe. While widely implemented strategies seem to have prepared the world better than ever before, important gaps regarding the logistics of drug and vaccine distribution remain.

CHIKUNGUNYA-AN OVERVIEW

Chikungunya is a relatively rare form of viral fever caused by an alphavirus that is spread by mosquito bites from the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The symptoms of Chikungunya (also called as Chicken Guinea) include fever which can reach 39°C, (102.2 °F) a petechial or maculopapular rash usually involving the limbs and trunk, and arthralgia or arthritis affecting multiple joints which can be debilitating.

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RECENT ASPECT OF CLINICAL PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES OF ECZEMA PATIENTS

Eczema is the name given for many skin conditions where skin is inflamed. Form of eczema is different for different people. With eczema, skin looks red with rashes, dry, patchy, flaky and itchy. It is a condition of skin, which is often called as "Itch those rashes" because whenever person feels itch and scratch, it gives rashes. Eczema can affect any part of the body. If it is seen in infants, it usually occurs at cheeks, forehead, neck, scalp and legs. In other people, it can occur at neck, face and inner side of elbows, knees.

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Pricing and Reimbursement in The United Arab Emirates

The healthcare sector in the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai is undergoing drastic changes as a result of the structural and financing reforms that will impact all major actors in the healthcare sector.

Vaccine administration technologies - Beyond needles

Novel vaccine administration technologies have the potential to improve vaccine developers' commercial competitiveness and to increase vaccination safety and convenience. This report assesses key strategies, technologies and products for novel dermal and mucosal vaccine administration. It also provides an overview of opportunities and challenges for the sector and a future outlook.

Antiviral sales boosted as UAE prepares for influenza A (H1N1)

The recent outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) infection, previously referred to as swine flu, has thrown the spotlight on governments around the world and their ability to manage a pandemic. In the UAE, customers are currently finding it difficult to source antivirals but, with Dubai seen as a hub for international travel, the government has stockpiles ready for distribution should an outbreak occur.

UK budget heralds price cuts on branded pharmaceuticals

As part of the UK government's drive to save GBP2.3 billion in the NHS during 2010-11, GBP550m will be cut from the prices of branded drugs as a result of the revised Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme. With the volume of branded drugs having remained flat over the last four years, total sales of the UK branded pharmaceutical industry are forecast to decline from 2009 onwards.

EMERGING TRENDS OF LIPOSOMES USED AS NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have become important tools for the specific delivery of a large number of drug molecules. Since their discovery in the 1960s liposomes were recognized as models to study biological membranes and as versatile DDS of both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. Liposomes can be used as carrLiposomes--nanosized unilamellar phospholipid bilayer vesicles--undoubtedly represent the most extensively studied and advanced drug delivery vehicles.

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ON INTRA-UTERINE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM-A REVIEW

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small piece of plastic that is inserted by a clinician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is approximately 1½ inches (3cm) in length. There are several different types of IUDs. The most common IUD is T-shaped and coated with copper. This can be left in the uterus for 2-5 years. Another type of IUD contains a hormone (progestin) but it needs to be replaced once a year.

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RECENT ADVANCES OF NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS-A REVIEW

As the field of biotechnology continues to advance, nasal drug delivery is increasingly becoming a more viable alternative to oral and injectable routes of administration. Recently, it has been shown that many drugs have better bioavailability by nasal route than by oral route. This has been attributed to rich vasculature and a highly permeable structure of the nasal mucosa coupled with avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination, gut wall metabolism and/or destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. The nasal route could be particularly important for drugs used in crisis management such as for pain and for centrally acting drugs where the pathway from the nose to brain might provide a faster and more therapeutic effect.

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RECENT ASPECTS OF SWINE INFLUENZA-AN OVERVIEW

Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. It is a contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses.

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